Simbol spiritualitas dan pandangan ekologis mantra ngalaksa dalam perspektif kajian ekolinguistik kultural Spirituality symbols and ecological views of the ngalaksa mantram from the perspective of cultural ecololinguistics
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Abstract
This research aims to reveal the spiritual symbolism and ecological views in “Ngalaksa” mantram as an oral tradition of the Sundanese community in Rancakalong, Sumedang. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design and focused ethnographic analysis, this study examines the linguistic structure, symbolic meanings, and ecological functions of teks mantra used in various ritual stages such as “Jampé Nutu, Jampé Nginebkeun, Jampé Ngukus, and Jampé Ngibing.” The results show that each jampé functions as a prayer and a medium for spiritual communication as well as an ecological text containing environmental ethics and local wisdom values. Lexical elements such as menyan putih, talaga suci, bayu, bumi, and rasa reflect the ecological awareness of the Sundanese agrarian society who view nature as a living and sacred entity. “Ngalaksa” mantram also plays a role in maintaining cosmic balance, strengthening cultural identity, and becoming a medium for transmitting spiritual and ecological values across generations.
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Rohmawati, A., & Permadi, T. (2025). Simbol spiritualitas dan pandangan ekologis mantra ngalaksa dalam perspektif kajian ekolinguistik kultural. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 8(4), 1191-1204. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v8i4.1566
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Bauman, R. (1992). Folklore, cultural performances, and popular entertainments: A communications-centered handbook. Oxford University Press.
Changizi, P. (2024). Ecotranslation: A metaphorical comparison between ecology and social systems theory. Translation and Interpreting Research, 1(3), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.22054/tir.2024.76047.1013
Chomsky, N. (2002). Syntactic structures. Walter de Gruyter.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Danandjaja, J. (2002). Folklor Indonesia. Pustaka Utama Grafiti.
Ekadjati, E. S. (1995). Kebudayaan Sunda: Suatu pendekatan sejarah. Pustaka Jaya.
Fill, A., & Mühlhäusler, P. (Eds.). (2001). The ecolinguistics reader: Language, ecology and environment. Continuum.
Finnegan, R. (1992). Oral traditions and the verbal arts: A guide to research practices. Routledge.
Gea, T. B. (2021). Orientasi nilai budaya masyarakat Nias dalam Maena pada upacara Falöwa. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 4(4), 487–498. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v4i4.215
Geertz, C. (1992). Tafsir kebudayaan (B. Susanto, Ed.). Kanisius.
Geertz, C., & Darnton, R. (2017). The interpretation of cultures. Basic Books.
Gerbig, A. (2003). The ecolinguistics reader: Language, ecology and environment. Language and Intercultural Communication, 3(1), 80–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664200308668051
Henry, A. (2004). Variation and syntactic theory. In J. K. Chambers, P. Trudgill, & N. Schilling-Estes (Eds.), The handbook of language variation and change (pp. 267–282). Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756591.ch11
Islamiati, Y. (2020). Kajian etnobotani budaya Ngalaksa di Kecamatan Rancakalong Kabupaten Sumedang. Ekologia, 20(2), 64–72.
Ismaniar, N., & Chandra, O. H. (2024). Metafora konsep alam dalam ungkapan tradisional Bangka: Analisis kognitif semantik. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 7(2), 175–186. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v7i2.886
Kluckhohn, C. (1942). Myths and rituals: A general theory. Harvard Theological Review, 35(1), 45–79. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017816000005150
Knoblauch, H. (2005). Focused ethnography. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-6.3.20
Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K. M., Guest, G., & Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods: A data collector’s field guide. Family Health International.
Malik, M. M. M., & Wachyudin, W. (2022). Telaah konteks penuturan mantra perkawinan pada masyarakat adat Rancakalong. Pupujian: Jurnal Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam, 1(1), 45–56.
Manić, N. (2026). Translation as a form of language activism: An ecolinguistic perspective. Language Sciences, 113, Article 101770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2025.101770
Melina, M., & Azeharie, S. S. (2019). Ritual sajen pada penganut Sunda Wiwitan (Studi komunikasi budaya pada penganut Sunda Wiwitan). Koneksi, 3(2), 427–434. https://doi.org/10.24912/kn.v3i2.6431
Miharja, D., Wahida, E., & Huriani, Y. (2021). Makna ritual sesajen dalam Ajar Pikukuh Sunda (Sunda Wiwitan): Studi terhadap penganut Ajar Pikukuh Sunda di Padepokan Bumi Dega Sunda Academy Bandung. Living Islam: Journal of Islamic Discourses, 4(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.14421/lijid.v4i2.2810
Murchison, J. M. (2010). Ethnography essentials: Designing, conducting, and presenting your research. Wiley.
Ong, W. J. (1982). Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word. Methuen.
Ong, W. J., & Hartley, J. (2013). Orality and literacy (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203103258
Poole, G. (2011). Syntactic theory. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Rijal, S. (2018). Budaya agraris dalam konsep idiom bahasa Indonesia: Kajian antropolinguistik. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 1(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v1i1.8
Saputra, A. W. (2024). Menjadi etnografer transmanusia untuk penelitian humaniora multisemesta. KLAUSA: Kajian Linguistik, Pembelajaran Bahasa, dan Sastra, 8(2), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.33479/klausa.v8i2.1102
Schechner, R. (2013). Performance studies: An introduction (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Sibarani, R. (2012). Kearifan lokal: Hakikat, peran, dan metode tradisi lisan. Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan (ATL).
Sibarani, R. (2015). Pendekatan antropolinguistik terhadap kajian tradisi lisan. RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 1(1), 1–17.
Stanlaw, J. (2020). Ecolinguistics. The International Encyclopedia of Linguistic Anthropology, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786093.iela0110
Steffensen, S. V., & Fill, A. (2014). Ecolinguistics: The ecology of language and science. Language Sciences, 41, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2013.08.003
Sumartias, S., Alimuddin, A., Subekti, P., Bakti, I., Nugraha, A. R., Perbawasari, S., & Romli, R. (2019). Tarawangsa as a traditional communication media in the information dissemination based on local wisdom. Library Philosophy and Practice, 3(5), 1–17.
Uyanne, C. M., Onuoha, E. C., & Osigwe, N. A. (2017). Ecolinguistic perspective: Dialectics of language and environment. Awka Journal of English Language and Literary Studies, 5(1), 150–169.
Wulan, D. A. (2024). Perwujudan nilai sosial dan pelestarian budaya dalam ritual bersih desa Tlogomas Malang: Tinjauan antropolinguistik. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 7(4), 673–682. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v7i4.1067
Yanuariska, Y. Y., Sudaryat, Y., & Isnendes, R. (2017). Tradisi Nyalin dalam kehidupan masyarakat Sunda (Kajian struktur dan etnopedagogik). Lokabasa, 8(2), 223–243. https://doi.org/10.17509/jlb.v8i2.14204
Zhang, R., & He, W. (2020). Human-nature relationships in experiential meaning: Transitivity system of Chinese from an ecolinguistic perspective. Journal of World Languages, 6(3), 217–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/21698252.2020.1819519