Tren penelitian dan tantangan penerapan Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) di Indonesia Research trend and challenges in implementing Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) in Indonesia
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Published:
Oct 24, 2023
Keywords:
CEFR, research trends, challenges, language learning
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Abstract
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) in language learning is incredibly beneficial to language learners, language teachers, and educational institutions. However, the implementation of CEFR does not appear to be comprehensive, one of which is due to the weakness empirical research on CEFR and various other factors. Therefore, this research aims to provide a comprehensive information regarding the extent to which CEFR studies in Indonesia have been carried out and various challenges in implementing CEFR in Indonesia. This research is a systematic review with the object of study are articles published in scientific journals during 2011—2021. This systematic review found surprising results where from 2011-2015, there was not found a single study on CEFR in Indonesia. The peak of articles publication on CEFR in Indonesia occurred in 2020, with a total publication of 15 articles. Other findings show that English is the dominant target language in CEFR studies in Indonesia. The challenges and problems of implementing CEFR in Indonesia are generally divided into three, challenges and problems related to educational institutions, teachers and CEFR itself.
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Robbani, A. S., Nurdianto, T., Annafiri, A. Z., Haqqy, A. M., & Irfan, I. (2023). Tren penelitian dan tantangan penerapan Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) di Indonesia . Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 6(4), 1011-1026. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v6i4.736
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References
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Anggrainingrum, Sulistiyaningsih, R., & Fadhilah, N. (2020). Peta Nilai TOEFL Mahasiswa STMIK Widya Pratama Pekalongan Terhadap Pencapaian Standar CEFR (Common European Framework Reference). IC-Tech, 15(2), 20–24. https://ejournal.stmik-wp.ac.id/index.php/ictech/article/view/128
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Dewi, R. P. (2016). Pengembangan Buku Ajar Pemula Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing Berbasis CEFR. Jurnal Tarbawy, 3(2), 21–40. https://repository.usd.ac.id/8402/1/2947_jurnal+publikasi+stain+rishe.pdf
Figueras, N. (2012). The impact of the CEFR. ELT Journal, 66(4), 477–485. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccs037
Fithriani, L., Paradisca, M. L., Sugiarto, I. C., & Drajati, A. (2020). The Students’ Perception of Using Extensive Reading Material Based on CEFR Framework. English Community Journal, 4(2), 144–153. https://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/englishcommunity/article/view/3050
Foley, J. A. (2019). Issues on Assessment using CEFR in the Region. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network Journal, 12(2), 28–48. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1225665.pdf
Hulstijn, J. H. (2007). The Shaky Ground beneath the CEFR: Quantitative and Qualitative Dimensions of Language Proficiency. The Modern Language Journal, 91(4), 663–667. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4626094
Irwanto. (2021). Research Trends in Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): A Systematic Literature Review from 2010 to 2021. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(4), 2045–2054. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.4.2045
Kharis, M., Ebner, M., Wijayati, P. H., Hidayat, E., & Afifah, L. (2020). Microblogging with Padlet: Students’ New Writing Experience on A2–B1 Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(01), 176–187. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i01.11804
Lemos, R. D. S., & Hartati, E. (2021). Revealing Pre-service Teachers’ Reading Skills by Utilizing CEFR in their Self-assessment. Journal of English Teaching Adi Buana, 6(1), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.36456/jet.v6.n01.2021.3359
Little, D. (2006). The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Content, Purpose, Origin, Reception and Impact. Language Teaching, 39(3), 167–190. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444806003557
Little, D. (2007). The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Perspectives on the Making of Supranational Language Education Policy. The Modern Language Journal, 91(4), 645–655. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4626091
Little, D., & Erickson, G. (2015). Learner Identity, Learner Agency, and the Assessment of Language Proficiency: Some Reflections Prompted by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 35, 120–139. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190514000300
Lowie, W. (2013). The CEFR and the Dynamics of Second Language Learning: Trends and Challenges. Language Learning in Higher Education, 2(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1515/cercles-2012-0002
Maryo, F. A. A. (2021). The Issues of the Implementation of CEFR in Indonesia. Aplinesia: Journal of Applied Linguistics Indonesia, 5(1), 18–22. https://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/aplinesia/article/view/12080
North, B. (2014). Putting the Common European Framework of Reference to Good Use. Language Teaching, 47(2), 228–249. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444811000206
Nurdianto, T. (2021). Ta’lim al-Lughah al-Arabiyah ‘Ala Dlau al-Ithar al-Marji’I al-Urubbi al-Musytarak Li Ta’lim al-Lughat fi al-Jami’at al-Muhammadiyah Bi Indunisia: al-Furash wa al-Tahadiiyat. Maharaat: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 3(1), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.18196/mht.v3i1.9772
Nurdianto, T., Hidayat, Y., & Wulandari, V. A. (2020). CEFR-Based Arabic Language Learning Competency. Izdihar : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature, 3(3), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.22219/jiz.v3i3.14123
Nurdianto, T., & Ismail, N. A. bin. (2020). Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Berbasis Common European Framework of Reference for Language (CEFR) di Indonesia. al Mahāra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 6(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.14421/almahara.2020.061.01
Nurhaliza, N. (2020). Instructors Views towards Curriculum Implementation of CEFR in Language Development Center. Aplinesia: Journal of Applied Linguistics Indonesia, 4(1), 17–22. https://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/aplinesia/article/view/2075
Primadana, R. J., Hakim, M. K. B. A., & Setiadi, S. (2020). Taṭwīr Takhṭīṭ al-Tadrīs li-al-Faṣl al-Dirāsī li-al-Kitābah al-Muqayyadah bi-Istikhdām CEFR min Khilāl al-Ta‘līm al-Mudammaj. Al-Ma‘rifah Jurnal Budaya, Bahasa, Dan Sastra Arab, 17(2), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.21009/almakrifah.17.02.10
Read, J. (2019). The Influence of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) in the Asia-Pacific Region. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network Journal, 12(1), 12–18. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1225686.pdf
Riyadi Hs, D. E. (2020). Metode Common European Framework of Reference for Language (CEFR) dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Al-Fakkaar: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 1(1), 42–59. http://e-jurnal.unisda.ac.id/index.php/ALF/article/view/2047
Rohman, H., & Rosyadi, F. I. (2021). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Arab Berbasis Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bahasa Arab Siswa. Al Mahāra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 7(2), 163–183. https://doi.org/10.14421/almahara.2021.072-01
Sonea, I.-S. (2018). The Impact of the CEFR on Teaching and Assessing Romanian as a Second/Foreign Language. Practice and Research. In L.-M. Grosu-Rădulescu (Ed.), Foreign Language Teaching in Romanian Higher Education: Teaching Methods, Learning Outcomes (Vol. 27, pp. 83–110). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93329-0_5
Sudaryanto, S., & Widodo, P. (2020). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) dan Implikasinya bagi Buku Ajar BIPA. Idiomatik Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 3(2), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.46918/idiomatik.v3i2.777
Sulistyaningrum, S. D., & Purnawati, P. (2021). Incorporating CEFR Bands and ICT-Competences in Grammar Syllabuses of English Language Education Study Program in Indonesia. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 11(2), 335–357. https://doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v11i2.2863
Supeni, S., & Fauziah, A. (2020). Aligning The TOEFL Prediction Scores to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) Level. Journal of English Language and Literature (JELL), 5(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.37110/jell.v5i01.93
Trihardini, A., Wikarti, A. R., Abdurrahman, R., & Anggrini, R. (2020). Kesetaraan Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi Level I-IV dengan CEFR pada Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Mandarin. Jurnal Cakrawala Mandarin, 4(1), 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36279/apsmi.v4i1.94
Ulya, I. (2020). Macro Curriculum Analysis on Writing for Professional Context Standardized by CEFR based on the Characteristic of Pekalongan the World Creative City. Journal of English Literature, Linguistic, and Education, 1(1), 39–45. https://jurnal.unikal.ac.id/index.php/jelle/article/view/1028
Ulya, I., & Sidqi, M. F. (2020). Pengembangan E-Modul Writing for Proffessional Context Berstandar CEFR Berdasarkan karakteristik Pekalongan Kota Kreatif Dunia. Jurnal Litbang Kota Pekalongan, 18(2), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.54911/litbang.v19i0.129
Uri, N. F. M., & Aziz, M. S. A. (2018). Implementation of CEFR in Malaysia: Teachers’ Awareness and the Challenges. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 24(3), 168–183. https://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2018-2403-13
Wahyanti, C. T., Rahardjo, O. S., & Dewi, Y. E. P. (2018). CEFR-based Front-desk Staff’s English Skills: A Case in Indonesian Hotels. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 8(12), 1671–1678. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0812.13
Weir, C. J. (2005). Limitations of the Common European Framework for Developing Comparable Examinations and Tests. Language Testing, 22(3), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1191/0265532205lt309oa
Widodo, P., Setiawan, A. K., & An, L. H. (2016). Competencies of German Language Teachers in Indonesia and Vietnam Based on Common European Framework of Reference for Language (CEFR). Litera, 15(1), 128–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v15i1.9772
Yuniarti, Y. (2017). Developing Speaking Materials Based on The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) for Increasing the Students’ Speaking Skill. Pedagogy: Journal of English Language Teaching, 4(2), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.32332/pedagogy.v4i2.384
Yusra, K., Lestari, Y. B., & Hamid, M. O. (2021). Teacher Agency and the Implementation of CEFR-like Policies for English for Tourism and Hospitality: Insights from Local Vocational High Schools in Indonesia. Current Issues in Language Planning. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2021.1965739
Zaenuri, M., Kholis, M. N., & Barokah, A. (2020). Analisis Soal TOSA (Test of Standard Arabic) Mengacu Pada CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference For Language). An Nabighoh: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, 22(02), 169. https://doi.org/10.32332/an-nabighoh.v22i02.2219
Anggrainingrum, Sulistiyaningsih, R., & Fadhilah, N. (2020). Peta Nilai TOEFL Mahasiswa STMIK Widya Pratama Pekalongan Terhadap Pencapaian Standar CEFR (Common European Framework Reference). IC-Tech, 15(2), 20–24. https://ejournal.stmik-wp.ac.id/index.php/ictech/article/view/128
Arnott, S., Brogden, L. M., Faez, F., Peguret, M., Piccardo, E., Rehner, K., Taylor, S. K., & Wernicke, M. (2017). The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) in Canada: A Research Agenda. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 20(1), 31–54. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/edupub/50/
Council of Europe. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Language Policy Unit. https://rm.coe.int/16802fc1bf
Dewi, R. P. (2016). Pengembangan Buku Ajar Pemula Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing Berbasis CEFR. Jurnal Tarbawy, 3(2), 21–40. https://repository.usd.ac.id/8402/1/2947_jurnal+publikasi+stain+rishe.pdf
Figueras, N. (2012). The impact of the CEFR. ELT Journal, 66(4), 477–485. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccs037
Fithriani, L., Paradisca, M. L., Sugiarto, I. C., & Drajati, A. (2020). The Students’ Perception of Using Extensive Reading Material Based on CEFR Framework. English Community Journal, 4(2), 144–153. https://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/englishcommunity/article/view/3050
Foley, J. A. (2019). Issues on Assessment using CEFR in the Region. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network Journal, 12(2), 28–48. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1225665.pdf
Hulstijn, J. H. (2007). The Shaky Ground beneath the CEFR: Quantitative and Qualitative Dimensions of Language Proficiency. The Modern Language Journal, 91(4), 663–667. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4626094
Irwanto. (2021). Research Trends in Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): A Systematic Literature Review from 2010 to 2021. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(4), 2045–2054. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.4.2045
Kharis, M., Ebner, M., Wijayati, P. H., Hidayat, E., & Afifah, L. (2020). Microblogging with Padlet: Students’ New Writing Experience on A2–B1 Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(01), 176–187. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i01.11804
Lemos, R. D. S., & Hartati, E. (2021). Revealing Pre-service Teachers’ Reading Skills by Utilizing CEFR in their Self-assessment. Journal of English Teaching Adi Buana, 6(1), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.36456/jet.v6.n01.2021.3359
Little, D. (2006). The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Content, Purpose, Origin, Reception and Impact. Language Teaching, 39(3), 167–190. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444806003557
Little, D. (2007). The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Perspectives on the Making of Supranational Language Education Policy. The Modern Language Journal, 91(4), 645–655. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4626091
Little, D., & Erickson, G. (2015). Learner Identity, Learner Agency, and the Assessment of Language Proficiency: Some Reflections Prompted by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 35, 120–139. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190514000300
Lowie, W. (2013). The CEFR and the Dynamics of Second Language Learning: Trends and Challenges. Language Learning in Higher Education, 2(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1515/cercles-2012-0002
Maryo, F. A. A. (2021). The Issues of the Implementation of CEFR in Indonesia. Aplinesia: Journal of Applied Linguistics Indonesia, 5(1), 18–22. https://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/aplinesia/article/view/12080
North, B. (2014). Putting the Common European Framework of Reference to Good Use. Language Teaching, 47(2), 228–249. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444811000206
Nurdianto, T. (2021). Ta’lim al-Lughah al-Arabiyah ‘Ala Dlau al-Ithar al-Marji’I al-Urubbi al-Musytarak Li Ta’lim al-Lughat fi al-Jami’at al-Muhammadiyah Bi Indunisia: al-Furash wa al-Tahadiiyat. Maharaat: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 3(1), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.18196/mht.v3i1.9772
Nurdianto, T., Hidayat, Y., & Wulandari, V. A. (2020). CEFR-Based Arabic Language Learning Competency. Izdihar : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature, 3(3), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.22219/jiz.v3i3.14123
Nurdianto, T., & Ismail, N. A. bin. (2020). Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Berbasis Common European Framework of Reference for Language (CEFR) di Indonesia. al Mahāra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 6(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.14421/almahara.2020.061.01
Nurhaliza, N. (2020). Instructors Views towards Curriculum Implementation of CEFR in Language Development Center. Aplinesia: Journal of Applied Linguistics Indonesia, 4(1), 17–22. https://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/aplinesia/article/view/2075
Primadana, R. J., Hakim, M. K. B. A., & Setiadi, S. (2020). Taṭwīr Takhṭīṭ al-Tadrīs li-al-Faṣl al-Dirāsī li-al-Kitābah al-Muqayyadah bi-Istikhdām CEFR min Khilāl al-Ta‘līm al-Mudammaj. Al-Ma‘rifah Jurnal Budaya, Bahasa, Dan Sastra Arab, 17(2), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.21009/almakrifah.17.02.10
Read, J. (2019). The Influence of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) in the Asia-Pacific Region. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network Journal, 12(1), 12–18. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1225686.pdf
Riyadi Hs, D. E. (2020). Metode Common European Framework of Reference for Language (CEFR) dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Al-Fakkaar: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 1(1), 42–59. http://e-jurnal.unisda.ac.id/index.php/ALF/article/view/2047
Rohman, H., & Rosyadi, F. I. (2021). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Arab Berbasis Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bahasa Arab Siswa. Al Mahāra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 7(2), 163–183. https://doi.org/10.14421/almahara.2021.072-01
Sonea, I.-S. (2018). The Impact of the CEFR on Teaching and Assessing Romanian as a Second/Foreign Language. Practice and Research. In L.-M. Grosu-Rădulescu (Ed.), Foreign Language Teaching in Romanian Higher Education: Teaching Methods, Learning Outcomes (Vol. 27, pp. 83–110). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93329-0_5
Sudaryanto, S., & Widodo, P. (2020). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) dan Implikasinya bagi Buku Ajar BIPA. Idiomatik Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 3(2), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.46918/idiomatik.v3i2.777
Sulistyaningrum, S. D., & Purnawati, P. (2021). Incorporating CEFR Bands and ICT-Competences in Grammar Syllabuses of English Language Education Study Program in Indonesia. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 11(2), 335–357. https://doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v11i2.2863
Supeni, S., & Fauziah, A. (2020). Aligning The TOEFL Prediction Scores to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) Level. Journal of English Language and Literature (JELL), 5(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.37110/jell.v5i01.93
Trihardini, A., Wikarti, A. R., Abdurrahman, R., & Anggrini, R. (2020). Kesetaraan Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi Level I-IV dengan CEFR pada Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Mandarin. Jurnal Cakrawala Mandarin, 4(1), 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36279/apsmi.v4i1.94
Ulya, I. (2020). Macro Curriculum Analysis on Writing for Professional Context Standardized by CEFR based on the Characteristic of Pekalongan the World Creative City. Journal of English Literature, Linguistic, and Education, 1(1), 39–45. https://jurnal.unikal.ac.id/index.php/jelle/article/view/1028
Ulya, I., & Sidqi, M. F. (2020). Pengembangan E-Modul Writing for Proffessional Context Berstandar CEFR Berdasarkan karakteristik Pekalongan Kota Kreatif Dunia. Jurnal Litbang Kota Pekalongan, 18(2), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.54911/litbang.v19i0.129
Uri, N. F. M., & Aziz, M. S. A. (2018). Implementation of CEFR in Malaysia: Teachers’ Awareness and the Challenges. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 24(3), 168–183. https://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2018-2403-13
Wahyanti, C. T., Rahardjo, O. S., & Dewi, Y. E. P. (2018). CEFR-based Front-desk Staff’s English Skills: A Case in Indonesian Hotels. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 8(12), 1671–1678. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0812.13
Weir, C. J. (2005). Limitations of the Common European Framework for Developing Comparable Examinations and Tests. Language Testing, 22(3), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1191/0265532205lt309oa
Widodo, P., Setiawan, A. K., & An, L. H. (2016). Competencies of German Language Teachers in Indonesia and Vietnam Based on Common European Framework of Reference for Language (CEFR). Litera, 15(1), 128–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v15i1.9772
Yuniarti, Y. (2017). Developing Speaking Materials Based on The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) for Increasing the Students’ Speaking Skill. Pedagogy: Journal of English Language Teaching, 4(2), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.32332/pedagogy.v4i2.384
Yusra, K., Lestari, Y. B., & Hamid, M. O. (2021). Teacher Agency and the Implementation of CEFR-like Policies for English for Tourism and Hospitality: Insights from Local Vocational High Schools in Indonesia. Current Issues in Language Planning. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2021.1965739
Zaenuri, M., Kholis, M. N., & Barokah, A. (2020). Analisis Soal TOSA (Test of Standard Arabic) Mengacu Pada CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference For Language). An Nabighoh: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, 22(02), 169. https://doi.org/10.32332/an-nabighoh.v22i02.2219