From ‘artifact’ to stage ‘performance’: A comparison of the romantic-nationalist and performative paradigms in folklore studies Dari “artefak” ke panggung “pergelaran”: Perbandingan paradigma romantik-nasionalisme dengan performatif dalam studi folklore
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Abstract
The emergence of the text/context debate in folklore research has facilitated new interpretations of how researchers approach their objects. Folklore research focusing solely on "text" has faced criticism for disregarding the contextual factors surrounding the genesis of folklore. This study compares the paradigm that perceives folklore textually with the paradigm that contextualizes it by examining the Romantic-nationalist and Performative paradigms. The use of the Romantic nationalism paradigm as a representative of item-oriented research is based on its historical, epistemological, and practical aspects. This study uses a qualitative methodology with a literature review to evaluate and synthesize existing research on the Romantic-nationalist and Performative paradigms in folklore studies. The primary distinction lies in focus: Romantic-nationalism views folklore as a traditional artifact that fosters collective identity, while the performative paradigm sees folklore as a dynamic social event in constant flux. While each paradigm has distinct strengths and limitations, synthesizing both offers a comprehensive perspective encompassing the static and dynamic dimensions of folklore. This study provides a framework for understanding folklore as both cultural heritage and a mechanism for constructing identity within dynamic social change.
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Andalas, E. F., Prawiroatmodjo, S., Saktimulya, S. R., & Indrastuti, N. S. K. (2025). From ‘artifact’ to stage ‘performance’: A comparison of the romantic-nationalist and performative paradigms in folklore studies. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 8(2), 393-408. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v8i2.1225
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References
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Anggraini, R., Derin, T., Warman, J. S., Putri, N. S., & Nursafira, M. S. (2022). Local Cultures Folklore Grounded from English Textbooks for Secondary High School Indonesia. Elsya: Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i3.10582
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Chew, M. M.-T. (2022). The Instrumental Consumption of Ethnic Culture: Assessing Two Economically Driven Ways of Consuming the Cheongsam in China. Sage Open, 12(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221097928
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Finnegan, R. H. (1979). Oral poetry: Its nature, significance, and social context. Cambridge University Press.
Finnegan, R. H. (1992). Oral traditions and the verbal arts: A guide to research practices. Routledge.
Gao, S. J. (2023). Strengthening national identity and cultural cohesion: Wartime folklore studies in Southwest China. Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies, 1(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.54414/JXWM8006
Georges, R. A. (1980). Toward a Resolution of the Text/Context Controversy. Western Folklore, 39(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/1499762
Goldstein, K. S. (1971). On the Application of the Concepts of Active and Inactive Traditions to the Study of Repertory. The Journal of American Folklore, 84(331), 62–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/539734
Hadi, N. F., & Afandi, N. K. (2021). Literature Review is A Part of Research. Sultra Educational Journal, 1(3), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.54297/seduj.v1i3.203
Hämäläinen, N., & Karhu, H. (2023). Reforming oral tradition by Elias Lönnrot and Otto Manninen. Textual Cultures, 16(2), 74–105. https://doi.org/10.14434/tc.v16i2.36766
Haring, L. (2018). Among the PALMs1. Humanities, 7(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/h7020044
Harvilahti, L. (1997). Romantic Nationalism. In Folklore: An encyclopedia of beliefs, customs, tales, musics, and arts (pp. 737–741). ABC-CLIO.
Hayes, C. J. H. (1927). Contributions of Herder to the Doctrine of Nationalism. The American Historical Review, 32(4), 719–736. https://doi.org/10.2307/1837852
Herzfeld, M. (2003). Localism and the Logic of Nationalistic Folklore: Cretan Reflections. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 45(2). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417503000148
Hornborg, A. (2023). The homogenisation of diversity: Processes selecting for biocultural generalism in the Anthropocene. Kritisk Etnografi: Swedish Journal of Anthropology, 6(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.33063/diva-497384
Hroch, M. (2007). National Romanticism. In B. Trencsényi & M. Kopeček (Eds.), Discourse of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945) (pp. 4–20). CEU Press.
Ironside, R., & Massie, S. (2020). The folklore-centric gaze: a relational approach to landscape, folklore and tourism. Time and Mind, 13(3), 227–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2020.1809862
Kapchan, D. A. (1995). Performance. The Journal of American Folklore, 108(430), 479–508. https://www.jstor.org/stable/541657
Kelin, B. (1997). Folklore. In Folklore: An encyclopedia of beliefs, customs, tales, musics, and arts (pp. 331–336). ABC-CLIO.
Ķencis, T. (2020). Cultural nationalism of the interwar period: Latvian visual art and folklore. Nations and Nationalism, 26(1), 155–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12573
Lord, A. B. (1971). The Singer of tales. Atheneum.
Mahanum, M. (2021). Tinjauan Kepustakaan. Alacrity: Journal of Education, 1(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.52121/alacrity.v1i2.20
Moriyama, M., & Budiman, M. (2010). Geliat bahasa selaras zaman: Perubahan bahasa di Indonesia pasca-Orde Baru. Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Nanda, D. D., Simbolon, B., Damanik, F. A., & Sembiring, Y. B. (2021). Moral value and character building education in folklore from Central Java “Timun Mas.” Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 9(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v9i1.3319
Niskač, B. T., & Vendramin, K. Š. (2022). Play and Folklore in Children’s Peer Cultures. Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore, 86, 33–58. https://doi.org/10.7592/FEJF2022.86.turk_srimpf
Novianti, N. (2022). Indonesian Folk Narratives: On the Interstices of National Identity, National Values, and Character Education. Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics, 16(1), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.2478/jef-2022-0006
Oring, E. (1986). Folk groups and folklore genres: An introduction. Utah University Press.
Pratiwi, Y., Andalas, E. F., & Dermawan, T. (2018). Penelitian sastra lisan kontekstual. Kota Tua.
Ridwan, M., AM, S., Ulum, B., & Muhammad, F. (2021). Pentingnya Penerapan Literature Review pada Penelitian Ilmiah. Jurnal Masohi, 2(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.36339/jmas.v2i1.427
Sari, N. A. (2022). Pengenalan Ragam Keanekaragaman Hayati dalam Cerita Rakyat Kalimantan Timur. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 5(1s), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v5i1s.400
Savolainen, U., & Potinkara, N. (2021). Memory, Heritage, and Tradition in the Museum Exhibition Ingrians – The Forgotten Finns. Ethnologia Europaea, 51(2), 72–95. https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.3060
Schmidt, R. J. (1956). Cultural Nationalism in Herder. Journal of the History of Ideas, 17(3), 407–417. https://doi.org/10.2307/2707552
Simatupang, L. (2013). Pergelaran: Sebuah mozaik penelitian seni-budaya. Jalasutra.
Sims, M. C., & Stephens, M. (2011). Living folklore: Introduction to the study of people and their traditions. Utah University Press.
Stark, E. (2016). The Politics of folklore, the policy of collecting it: Majority Folklore on the Roma in early 20th century Finland. ЕтноАнтропоЗум/EthnoAnthropoZoom, 15, 151–175. https://doi.org/10.37620/EAZ16150151s
Sulistyorini, D., & Andalas, E. F. (2017). Sastra Lisan: Kajian Teori dan Penerapannya dalam Penelitian. Madani.
Tokpayeva, L. S., Kuzembayeva, G. A., & Spulber, D. P. (2024). A Comparative Lexical Analysis of Kazakh, Russian and English Children’s Folklore. RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics, 15(1), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2024-15-1-107-125
Trencsényi, B., & Kopeček, M. (Eds.). (2007). Discourse of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1970-1945): Vol. II. CEU Press.
Watson, C. (1996). Folklore and Basque Nationalism: Language, Myth, Reality. Nations and Nationalism, 2(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00017.x
Wibowo, S. K., & Abdullah, M. (2023). Etika profetik dalam cerita rakyat Kabupaten Berau “Si Kannik Barrau Sanipa.” Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 6(3), 655–668. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v6i3.652
Wilson, W. A. (2006). Herder, folklore, and romantic nationalism. In J. T. Rudy & D. Call (Eds.), Marrow of Human Experience, The: Essays on Folklore by William A. Wilson (pp. 107–123). University Press of Colorado.
Ahimsa-Putra, H. S. (2009). Bahasa, Sastra, dan Kearifan Lokal di Indonesia. Mabasan, 3(1), 30–58. https://mabasan.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/MABASAN/article/view/115
Andalas, E. F., Dewi, T. K. S., Manuaba, I. . P., & Itaristanti, I. (2024). The Oral Panji Story Rendered by the Javanese Mask Puppet Show. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia, 52(2), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2024.52.2.136-142
Anggraini, R., Derin, T., Warman, J. S., Putri, N. S., & Nursafira, M. S. (2022). Local Cultures Folklore Grounded from English Textbooks for Secondary High School Indonesia. Elsya: Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i3.10582
Bauman, R. (1971). Introduction. Journal of American Folklore, 84(331), v–ix. https://www.jstor.org/stable/539728
Bauman, R. (1975). Verbal Art as Performance. American Anthropologist, 77(2), 290–311. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1975.77.2.02a00030
Bauman, R. (1986). Story, performance, and event: Contextual studies of oral literature. Cambridge University Press.
Bauman, R. (1992a). Folklore. In Folklore, cultural performances, and popular entertainments (pp. 29–40). Oxford University Press.
Bauman, R. (1992b). Performance. In Folklore, cultural performances, and popular entertainments (pp. 41–49). Oxford University Press.
Ben-Amos, D., & Goldstein, K. S. (1975). Introduction. In Folklore: Performance and communication (pp. 1–10). The Hague.
Boger, R., Perdikaris, S., & Rivera-Collazo, I. (2019). Cultural heritage and local ecological knowledge under threat: Two Caribbean examples from Barbuda and Puerto Rico. Journal of Anthropology and Archaeology, 7(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.15640/jaa.v7n2p1
Bronner, S. J. (2018). The Challenge of American Folklore to the Humanities. Humanities, 7(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/h7010017
Cahyati, J. N., & Arifin, Z. (2021). Legenda Buka Luwur Asal-Usul Dukuh Pantaran sebagai Media Pendidikan Karakter. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 4(2), 205–218. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v4i2.177
Chew, M. M.-T. (2022). The Instrumental Consumption of Ethnic Culture: Assessing Two Economically Driven Ways of Consuming the Cheongsam in China. Sage Open, 12(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221097928
Dorson, R. M. (1969). British folklorist: A history. University of Chicago Press.
Dorson, R. M. (1972). Introduction: Concepts of folklore and folklife studies. In Folklore and folklife (pp. 1–50). University of Chicago Press.
Finnegan, R. H. (1979). Oral poetry: Its nature, significance, and social context. Cambridge University Press.
Finnegan, R. H. (1992). Oral traditions and the verbal arts: A guide to research practices. Routledge.
Gao, S. J. (2023). Strengthening national identity and cultural cohesion: Wartime folklore studies in Southwest China. Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies, 1(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.54414/JXWM8006
Georges, R. A. (1980). Toward a Resolution of the Text/Context Controversy. Western Folklore, 39(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/1499762
Goldstein, K. S. (1971). On the Application of the Concepts of Active and Inactive Traditions to the Study of Repertory. The Journal of American Folklore, 84(331), 62–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/539734
Hadi, N. F., & Afandi, N. K. (2021). Literature Review is A Part of Research. Sultra Educational Journal, 1(3), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.54297/seduj.v1i3.203
Hämäläinen, N., & Karhu, H. (2023). Reforming oral tradition by Elias Lönnrot and Otto Manninen. Textual Cultures, 16(2), 74–105. https://doi.org/10.14434/tc.v16i2.36766
Haring, L. (2018). Among the PALMs1. Humanities, 7(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/h7020044
Harvilahti, L. (1997). Romantic Nationalism. In Folklore: An encyclopedia of beliefs, customs, tales, musics, and arts (pp. 737–741). ABC-CLIO.
Hayes, C. J. H. (1927). Contributions of Herder to the Doctrine of Nationalism. The American Historical Review, 32(4), 719–736. https://doi.org/10.2307/1837852
Herzfeld, M. (2003). Localism and the Logic of Nationalistic Folklore: Cretan Reflections. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 45(2). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417503000148
Hornborg, A. (2023). The homogenisation of diversity: Processes selecting for biocultural generalism in the Anthropocene. Kritisk Etnografi: Swedish Journal of Anthropology, 6(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.33063/diva-497384
Hroch, M. (2007). National Romanticism. In B. Trencsényi & M. Kopeček (Eds.), Discourse of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945) (pp. 4–20). CEU Press.
Ironside, R., & Massie, S. (2020). The folklore-centric gaze: a relational approach to landscape, folklore and tourism. Time and Mind, 13(3), 227–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2020.1809862
Kapchan, D. A. (1995). Performance. The Journal of American Folklore, 108(430), 479–508. https://www.jstor.org/stable/541657
Kelin, B. (1997). Folklore. In Folklore: An encyclopedia of beliefs, customs, tales, musics, and arts (pp. 331–336). ABC-CLIO.
Ķencis, T. (2020). Cultural nationalism of the interwar period: Latvian visual art and folklore. Nations and Nationalism, 26(1), 155–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12573
Lord, A. B. (1971). The Singer of tales. Atheneum.
Mahanum, M. (2021). Tinjauan Kepustakaan. Alacrity: Journal of Education, 1(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.52121/alacrity.v1i2.20
Moriyama, M., & Budiman, M. (2010). Geliat bahasa selaras zaman: Perubahan bahasa di Indonesia pasca-Orde Baru. Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Nanda, D. D., Simbolon, B., Damanik, F. A., & Sembiring, Y. B. (2021). Moral value and character building education in folklore from Central Java “Timun Mas.” Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 9(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v9i1.3319
Niskač, B. T., & Vendramin, K. Š. (2022). Play and Folklore in Children’s Peer Cultures. Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore, 86, 33–58. https://doi.org/10.7592/FEJF2022.86.turk_srimpf
Novianti, N. (2022). Indonesian Folk Narratives: On the Interstices of National Identity, National Values, and Character Education. Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics, 16(1), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.2478/jef-2022-0006
Oring, E. (1986). Folk groups and folklore genres: An introduction. Utah University Press.
Pratiwi, Y., Andalas, E. F., & Dermawan, T. (2018). Penelitian sastra lisan kontekstual. Kota Tua.
Ridwan, M., AM, S., Ulum, B., & Muhammad, F. (2021). Pentingnya Penerapan Literature Review pada Penelitian Ilmiah. Jurnal Masohi, 2(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.36339/jmas.v2i1.427
Sari, N. A. (2022). Pengenalan Ragam Keanekaragaman Hayati dalam Cerita Rakyat Kalimantan Timur. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 5(1s), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v5i1s.400
Savolainen, U., & Potinkara, N. (2021). Memory, Heritage, and Tradition in the Museum Exhibition Ingrians – The Forgotten Finns. Ethnologia Europaea, 51(2), 72–95. https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.3060
Schmidt, R. J. (1956). Cultural Nationalism in Herder. Journal of the History of Ideas, 17(3), 407–417. https://doi.org/10.2307/2707552
Simatupang, L. (2013). Pergelaran: Sebuah mozaik penelitian seni-budaya. Jalasutra.
Sims, M. C., & Stephens, M. (2011). Living folklore: Introduction to the study of people and their traditions. Utah University Press.
Stark, E. (2016). The Politics of folklore, the policy of collecting it: Majority Folklore on the Roma in early 20th century Finland. ЕтноАнтропоЗум/EthnoAnthropoZoom, 15, 151–175. https://doi.org/10.37620/EAZ16150151s
Sulistyorini, D., & Andalas, E. F. (2017). Sastra Lisan: Kajian Teori dan Penerapannya dalam Penelitian. Madani.
Tokpayeva, L. S., Kuzembayeva, G. A., & Spulber, D. P. (2024). A Comparative Lexical Analysis of Kazakh, Russian and English Children’s Folklore. RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics, 15(1), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2024-15-1-107-125
Trencsényi, B., & Kopeček, M. (Eds.). (2007). Discourse of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1970-1945): Vol. II. CEU Press.
Watson, C. (1996). Folklore and Basque Nationalism: Language, Myth, Reality. Nations and Nationalism, 2(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00017.x
Wibowo, S. K., & Abdullah, M. (2023). Etika profetik dalam cerita rakyat Kabupaten Berau “Si Kannik Barrau Sanipa.” Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 6(3), 655–668. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v6i3.652
Wilson, W. A. (2006). Herder, folklore, and romantic nationalism. In J. T. Rudy & D. Call (Eds.), Marrow of Human Experience, The: Essays on Folklore by William A. Wilson (pp. 107–123). University Press of Colorado.